Friday, December 27, 2019

Benefits Of The Gilded Age - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1413 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/07/26 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Gilded Age Essay Did you like this example? The commencement of the Gilded Age after the end of the Reconstruction period in 1877 sparked domestic change and reform for the United States that transformed the nation in economic, social, and political aspects. The economy flourished due to the expansion of railroads and industrial and agricultural development, creating jobs for citizens and an efficient method to produce and transport goods throughout the United States (Calhoun, 1996).   Social advancements such as Jane Adams foundation of the Hull House in 1889 and the establishment of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) in 1890 reveals the achievements made for America that profited the citizens of society.   Despite the progression of the nation economically and socially, the political perspective of America plunged due to dishonest governmental figures and disagreements over how to restructure domestic issues. In comparison to 1877, the differences in American reform until the year 1900 overa ll benefitted society and impacted the future of the nation (Dobson, 1972). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Benefits Of The Gilded Age" essay for you Create order The modifications made to America since the start of the Gilded Age in 1877 demonstrate how advancements in the economy benefited the nation as a whole.   The rise of industry, the dominance of wage labor, and the growth of cities gave numerous job opportunities for skilled and unskilled workers, introduced an abundance of raw materials such as coal and oil, and manufactured improvements in transportation, communication, and labor-saving devices that saved productivity. The development of the nations first transcontinental railroad in 1869 unified the east and west and allowed for more of the interstate transportation of goods to travel across the country in an efficient amount of time.   The establishment of the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887 provided reasonable rates for railroads to operate and regulated the industry and its monopolistic practices (James, 2013).   Enhancement in agriculture in the 1880s such as the use of steel plows, the McCormick reaper, and fertilizer enabled farmers to cultivate vast tracks of American land and produce more goods with less labor in a shorter period of time.   The Titans of Industry includ ing John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J.P. Morgan built monopolies in oil and steel companies which revolutionized business practices and contributed to the growth of cities and labor for citizens (The Curse of Bigness: Antitrust in the New Gilded Age, 93). In contrast, many view the development of the economy throughout the Gilded Age as a negative progression due to the harsh working conditions faced by men, women, and children, and how the freedom and relaxed regulations granted to society by the capitalistic laissez faire theory contributed to a disorganized economy run by greed of the people (James, 2013).   However, the technological advances, growth of cities, improved transportation, financial innovation, and new business practices expanded the population and overall combined to fuel the major economic growth throughout the Gilded Age by modernizing the production of goods and made shipment of products more efficient.   The expansion of industry and agriculture enhanced the nation and demonstrates the development of the economy since the end of 1877 (Calhoun, 1996). The development of social reforms and the effects they had on society demonstrate how the Gilded Age contributed to a socially better nation. The Gilded Age also experienced a huge social change. Immigration brought lots of Polish, Ukrainians, and other Eastern Europeans (Dobson, 1972). This new infusion of social diversity brought over a new culture and many were regretful of this migration. Immigrants that arrived before the Gilded Era were called old immigrants. They usually consisted of skilled workers who came in relatively small numbers with some money and were willing to adopt the culture and the language. The immigrants that came during the Gilded Era were called new immigrants (Calhoun, 1996). They were looked down upon, they were generally unskilled and came with no money. These immigrants usually lived in tenement houses which are apartments that were usually one room and surrounded by filth. They also held on to their culture and beliefs (James, 2013). In response to the discrimination and the restriction of the rights of immigrants, social activist, Jane Addams founded the Hull House in 1889 to provide counseling, day-care services, and adult education classes to assist poverty-stricken immigrants.   The success of the Hull House prompted Lillian Wald to open the Henry Street Settlement House in New York in 1893 to aid the needy and fight for womens suffrage, temperance, and improved labor laws.   The establishment of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1890 unified the womens rights organizations of Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton and pushed for the ratification for womens suffrage.   Despite the segregation condemned to blacks as a result of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision in 1896, Harvard educated black sociologist, W.E.B. DuBois pressed for social and economic equality for blacks (The Curse of Bigness: Antitrust in the New Gilded Age, 93).   In contrast, many view that the social developments of the Gilded Age hindered the growth of the nation due to the progressing issue of immigration and reforms such as the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 working to restrict the levels of immigrant travel to the country, and the racism affecting society due to the Plessy v. Ferguson case that enforced the separate but equal theory to segregate the two major races of the nation (Calhoun, 1996).   However, the actions made to reform the growing issues of the nation, such as improving the lives of immigrants and advocating womens rights, portray the incentive of America to improve and overall demonstrate the progression of the country in social aspects.   These reforms have united America in differing races and ethnicities to overall show how the Gilded Age benefitted the social perspective of the nation (James, 2013). On the contrary to the progression of the economic and social aspects of the nation since 1877, the political factor of America proved detrimental to development of America.   The corrupt ambitions of the presidents of the Gilded Age can be reflected in William Boss Tweeds mastery in assisting his constituents and business partners in return for votes, money, and power, which caused a significant rise in the national debt (Calhoun, 1996).   The administration of Ulysses S. Grant proved ineffective due to the effects of the Whiskey Ring of 1875 which raised federal liquor taxes after the years following the Civil War to help pay off war debt, and caused opposition to his authority due to his bribes to officials within the Department of Treasury to avoid the high tax (Dobson, 1972). The assassination of James A. Garfield by Charles Guiteau in 1881 convinced policymakers that the United States government was in dire need of civil service reform to combat the spoils system that grant ed appointive offices to loyal members of the prevailing party and demonstrated how officials disagreed of how to reform society and run the nation as a whole (Calhoun, 1996). In contrast, many view the establishment of the Populist Party in 1891 as a benefit to American development due to their desire to assist the farmers and push for innovations that best benefitted citizens of America (James, 2013).   However, the indecision and corruption between officials and the forgettable presidents of the Gilded Age demonstrate how little of an impact politicians had on the transforming America, and show how the perspective of the political aspect of the nation deteriorated since 1877 (Dobson, 1972).   These negative influences given by the nations government poorly represent the industrial and social success of America, and overall show the detrimental qualities of societies officials. Domestic change in economic, social, and political aspects overall contributed to the development and reform of American society throughout the Gilded Age.   The rise of industry and agriculture, and advancements in technology and business practices, contributed to financial gain, faster production rates, work for the unemployed, and overall economic growth (Calhoun, 1996).   Despite segregation and harsh working conditions faced by citizens, social activists including Jane Addams and W.E.B DuBois pushed for the rights of women, blacks, and immigrants (Dobson, 1972).   In contrast, many view the Gilded Age as a detriment to society due to the corruption and indecision between officials over how to reform the nation, which brought opposition and anger to citizens by how the forgettable presidents failed to compete with the developments in economic and social reform (James, 2013).   However, the success and modernizations of the economy, such as the growth of cities and industry, and social perspective, including the reforms to support human rights, overall demonstrate the progression of America since the start of the Gilded Age in 1877 (Calhoun, 1996).   In comparison to 1877, the reforms made in economic and social aspects show the overall progression of the nation, and how the Gilded Age benefited society as a whole.

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Essay about Depression in Men Brings Physical and...

The Problem Of Depression in Men Depression is a physical illness as well as a psychological one. It makes you feel bad physically, but the problems start with your emotions. Do not expect yourself to snap out of it. It will take time to treat depression. A mental health provider skilled in cognitive therapy may help you feel better. You may need a medication. There are many new medications that have few side effects and work well for most people. Many times, a combination of medication and therapy can help you get well quickly and stay well. There are different types of depression: Major Depression It is an illness many doctors believe is related to an imbalance of a natural chemical in the body called serotonin. It can be triggered†¦show more content†¦Bipolar disorder is much less common than the other types of depression. To help with diagnosis, doctors look for signs and symptoms of depression and assess their severity, duration, and effects on everyday life. (http ://www.prozac.com/DiseaseInformation/TypesOfDepression.jsp) The Way Men Think About Themselves The way that men think about themselves can be quite unhelpful. Compared with women, they tend to be far more concerned with being competitive, powerful and successful. Most men don’t like to admit that they feel fragile or vulnerable, and so are less likely to talk about their feelings with their friends, loved ones or their doctors. This may be the reason that they often don’t ask for help when they become depressed. Men tend to feel that they should rely only on themselves and that it is somehow weak to have to depend on someone else, even for a short time. This traditional view of how men should be always tough and self-reliant. Some men find that owning up to their depression actually results in their partner rejecting them because of this. Even professionals sometimes share this view, and may not diagnose depression in men when they should. Instead of talking about how they feel, men may try to make themselves feel better by using alcohol or drugs. This will usually make things worse in the long run. Their work will suffer and alcohol often leads toShow MoreRelatedThe Marital Conflicts Of Married Couples955 Words   |  4 Pagesto meet many physical, social and psychological needs. As older adults age, they often enjoy active, healthy sexual relationships. They like to connect and become very close, intimate, and mutually dependent on each other and have shared interest. Being functionally separate is being happy caring and being satisfied within your marriage, but also being able to have your own interest and activities. Some cons that married couples face are marital conflicts which are linked to depression, stress andRead MoreThe Effects Of Gender On Depression And Depression868 Words   |  4 Pages The Effects of Gender on Depression Men and women are biologically similar in regards to the hormones and chemicals involved with depression. However socially, each gender encounters different social afflictions that can often lead them into depressive states. In this essay, we will explore the common struggles that each gender experiences and how these realities effect their contrasting developments of depression. One common cause of depression that can be found no matter where you are in theRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1652 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is present in all regions of the world regardless of race, culture, or religion. It is not uncommon for men to experience spousal abuse. However, in reality abuse done by men towards women is a much more common occurrence. 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On the other hand, when these feelings heavily impact daily activities and bring severe and long-lasting psychological pain, this is major depressive disorder (MDD). In addition to major depressive disorder identified as MDD, it may be referred to as unipolar depression, major depression, or clinical depression. According to Nemade, Reiss, and Dombeck (2013) the history of depression dates back as early as the second millennium B.C.; initially depression was referred asRead MoreDepression : A Complex Biological Illness Essay1392 Words   |  6 Pages Depression is a mental disorder that is a feeling of sadness that can interfere with daily life for a person and the family and friends of the person. The some of the major signs or symptoms of depression are thoughts of suicide, loss of interest, and appetite changes. There are many things to know about this disorder such as what the it is, what causes it, who is afflicted by it, how it is diagnosed, and what treatment is available. According to a research, â€Å"depression is a complex biological illnessRead MoreDepression : A Psychological Disorder1423 Words   |  6 PagesJanuary 2016 Depression Depression is a mental disorder that is a feeling of sadness that can interfere with daily life for a person and the family and friends of the person. The some of the major signs or symptoms of depression are thoughts of suicide, loss of interest, and appetite changes. There are many things to know about this disorder such as what the it is, what causes it, who is afflicted by it, how it is diagnosed, and what treatment is available. According to a research, â€Å"depression is a complexRead MoreSuicide : A Serious Health Problem1689 Words   |  7 PagesSuicide as any other life threatening illness is beyond our knowledge to understand what exactly causes someone to kill themselves or even attempt too. Suicide is a serious health problem that takes an enormous effect on family, friends, communities, as well as active military personnel and veterans. Suicide is only a permanent solution to a temporary problem. Suicide risk factors are features or conditions that can increase the chances that a person might think of taking their life. The higherRead MoreSenior Suicide : An Overlooked Problem1531 Words   |  7 Pages2105/AJPH.2015.302573 Sà ¢rbu, E. A. (2014). Suicide by the Elderly. Social Work Review / Revista De Asistenta Sociala, 13(2), 103-111. Schmutte, T., O’Connell, M., Weiland, M., Lawless, S., Davidson, L. (2009). Stemming the tide of suicide in older white men: A call to action. American Journal of Men’s Health, 3, 3, 189‑200. Perkins, K., Tice, C. (1994). Suicide and older adults: The strengths perspective in practice. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 13, 4, 438‑454. Retrieved from http://jag.sagepub.com/con‑Read MoreMental Illness And Mental Health1724 Words   |  7 Pages VISUALISATION Mental illness is one of the major illnesses, some people face in everyday of their life, which can trigger them in one or the other as well prevent them to do things effectively as it use to be. According to Mental Health Foundation (2015), about a quarter of the population will experience some kind of mental health problem in the course of a year, this can happen either by anxiety and depression which is the most common mental disorder in Britain

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Urban Regeneration-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignementhelp.com

Question: Describe and Analyse the Regeneration of One Urban Area or Region of Your Choice. Answer: Urban regeneration as in United Kingdom is also known as urban renewal or urban revitalization in United States of America. This relates to the process of redeveloping cities where often urban decay is identified. In the late 19th century modern attempts to renewal had been initiated in the developed countries (Bridge, Butler and Lees 2012). The program had gone through an intense phase under the rules of reconstruction. A major impact of the process has been found on various urban landscapes which has also played an important role in demographics and history of cities all around the world. The process of regeneration includes demolition of structures, relocation of businesses, relocating people and using eminent domain in form of legal tool to usurped private property to initiate city development projects. The process is at times also carried on in rural areas and is referred to as village renewal but it is not the same in practice as urban renewal (Cochrane 2007). In certain cases urban regeneration may cause less congestion and urban sprawl where expressways and freeways are received by the cities. Proponents see urban regeneration as a reform mechanism and an economic engine. However critics of the process see it is a measure for control. In certain cases it may enhance the condition of the communities and on the other hand it may also cause the demolition of existing neighborhood (Couch, Fraser and Percy 2003). The purpose of this paper is to analyze urban regeneration in the city of New York. The majority of urban regeneration projects in NY initiated during the interwar period (Diamond et al. 2010). One of the prototype urban regeneration project was the designing and construction of the famous central park in NW by Daniel Burnham. In the same way the efforts provided by Jacob Riis towards supporting to demolish disregarded parts of NY in the 19th century are also formative. The restructuring of large sections of the NY City and state by Robert Moses was a significant, prominent and notable example of urban regeneration. The constructions of new highways, housing projects, public parks and bridges were also directed by Moses. The early projects in NY usually focused on sum clearance and were implemented by the local public housing authorities. These authorities have been imposed with the responsibility of demolishing slums as well as building housing facilities which can be afforded by the citizens (Campkin 2014). The GI bill (Servicemans Readjustment Act 1944 provided guarantee in relation to veterans administration mortgages under favorable terms to veterans, which instigated suburbanization during the post world war II period. During this period the places like Michigan, Levittown and NY had been changed from mere farmlands to cities which had been occupied by thousands of families in just a few years. The process of urban regeneration in NY had been kick started by the Housing Act of 1949. Provisions for Federal funding had been provided by the legislation to the cities in order to cover the cost of acquiring areas within the city which were perceived to be slums. Private developers have been provided to NY for the purpose of constructing new housing. The phrase used in relation to this at that time was urban redevelopment. The phrase urban renewal had been made popular through the enactment of the Housing Act in 1854. This made the program more enticing to the developers as it had the pro visions of providing FHA-backed mortgage among other things (Goodchild 2008). In the mid 1950 Slum Clearance Plan under the Title I of the Housing Act had been published by the Mayors Committee on Slum Clearance. The reports consisted of renewal and clearance plans for many slum areas such as Gramercy Park, Lincoln Square and Penn Station South. Usually the reports consists of regeneration plans, description of problems in the area, and relocation plans along with other material information. A few follow up reports which were entitled Title I Slum Clearance Progress had been released in the latter 1950s. A series of Urban Renewal Designation Reports had been published by the City Planning Commission in the 1960s. A few examples of such reports are the Fort Greene and Ebbets area reports in which the City Planning Commissions study of the area, summary of what took place in public hearings and recommendations had been discussed (Hatherley 2011). Preliminary Urban Design Study for the Future of the World Trade Center Site and Adjacent Areas The Lower Manhattan Development Corporation along with the port authority of New York and new jersey have taken the initiative to embark an inclusive and open public process to plan the future of the site if the World trade center and its adjacent areas. LMCD is a state city corporation which has been established in relation to the aftermath of September 11 to coordinate and oversee the rebuilding and revitalization of Lower Manhattan to the south of Houston Street. The owner of the 16 acre site which was the base of the World trade center once is the Port Authority. The objective and goals of the board has been documented in the document named Principles and Revised Blueprint for the Future of Lower Manhattan which has been developed by LMDC through proactive listening and collaboration with public input process. The initial program for the site initiates with fitting of a memorial and also consists of office and retail space, transit facilities, infrastructure and a hotel. Keeping in mind such preliminary requirements the program seeks inspiration and guidance from previous programs taken place around the world (Owhin and McCarthy 2013). The goals and objective which have been documented in the LMDC Principles and Revised Blueprint for the Future of Lower Manhattan are as follows Respecting the site of the WTC in form of a place of remembrance and reserving an area on the site for the purpose of make one or more memorials In order to ensure the long term viability of lower Manhattan facilitating the continued revitalization of the area Restring in proportions or all of the street grids and reintegrating the former WTC site along with the rest of the downtown Eliminating west street which acts as the barrier between battery park and park city Coordinating mass transit services for the purpose of providing a coherent integration between the rest of the city and region and Manhattan Establishing a unique transit hub linking subway, path and regional rail service in form of a gateway towards lower Manhattan Establishing downtown facilities for the purpose of accommodating the anticipated rise in tour, charter as well as public buses and exploring opportunities for service and off street vehicular access Enhancing residential life and expanding the residential population for establishing a strong community sense in lower Manhattan. Promoting commercial and retail opportunities which would support lower Manhattan as a vibrant place having activities all day long Providing for expanded or new culture for civic and cultural institutions for Manhattan The project aims to bring economic benefit as well as social happiness to the citizens of NY The regeneration program have provided several local Agencies with Federal funds along with the power of eminent domain for the purpose of tearing down buildings condemning slum neighborhoods and reselling the land at reduced prices to private developers. For quite some time it has been pointed out by a few housing experts and city planners that the general aim of album regeneration was not being achieved and Critical studies of a number of renewal projects have been produced by social scientist. The some clearance project has also been criticized by various eminent social and architectural pretty led by Jane Jacobs trying to preserve certain neighborhoods like the Greenwich Village with small Apartment house brownstones lofts against encroachment of high rise project developed for the luxury market as well as the poor. However the aim of such efforts have been to save the city for the people and mainly aimed private clearances which were outside the federal program (Minton 2012). However where criticism of urban regeneration programs has been sporadic and sporty in the past science are visible that as a whole the program is now being tellingly and seriously valuated. To complete studies done by Charles Abram and Scott Greer all about to be published and highly negative analysis done by an ultra-conservative economist has already appeared in Martin Anderson the federal bulldozer. The data provided by the study are based largely on information collected by the urban regeneration administration. According to the data what the programs have accomplished includes that it has cleared various slums in order to generate land for luxury housing along with a few middle-income projects. The program has also provided inexpensive land for expanding hospitals shopping areas colleges, libraries and similar Institutions which were located in slum areas. In the year 1961 according to the data 126000 dwelling units have been destroyed and only 28000 have been built. The averag e monthly rental of such elected dwelling units in 1960 rise from dollar $158 - $192 in 1962 which was a staggering figure for any area which is outside Manhattan (Power, Plo?ger and Winkler 2010). Therefore it is not required to state that any of the slum dwellers who had been this post during the process of regeneration did not have the resources to move into such newly developed apartments. Neighborhood reestablishment offices should move the seized occupants in "standard" lodging inside their methods previously decimation started, yet such empty lodging is rare in many urban communities, and through and through inaccessible in a few. What's more, since the offices were under solid strain to clear the land and get reestablishment ventures going, the movement of the inhabitants was restlessly, if not savagely, taken care of. In this way, a 1961 investigation of recharging ventures in 41 urban areas demonstrated that 60 for each penny of the confiscated inhabitants were simply migrated in different ghettos; and in huge urban communities, the extent was significantly higher (more than 70 for every penny in Philadelphia, as per a recent report). Restoration some of the time even made new ghettos by pushing relocatees into regions and structures which at that point progressed toward becoming stuffed and crumbled quickly. This has chiefly been the situation with Negroes who, both for financial and racial reasons, have been compelled to bend over in different ghettos. Surely, in light of the fact that just about 66% of the cleared ghetto units have been possessed by Negroes, the urban recharging program has frequently been portrayed as Negro leeway, and in excessively numerous urban areas, this has been its aim (Raco and Imrie 2003). Also, those confiscated inhabitants who discovered better lodging for the most part needed to pay more lease than they could manage. In his cautious investigation of movement in Boston's intensely Italian West End,2 Chester Hartman demonstrates that 41 for every penny of the West Enders lived in great lodging in this alleged ghetto (along these lines proposing that quite a bit of it ought not have been torn down) and that 73 for each penny were migrated in great lodgingthanks to some extent to the way that the West Enders were white. This change was accomplished at a substantial cost, be that as it may, for middle rents ascended from $41 to $71 every month after the move (OBrien and Matthews 2015). As indicated by recharging authorities, 80 for every penny of all people moved now live in great lodging, and lease increments were legitimized in light of the fact that many had been paying unduly low lease some time recently. Hartman's examination was the first to contrast these official insights and lodging substances, and his figure of 73 for every penny challenges the official claim that 97 for each penny of the Boston West Enders were legitimately re-housed. This inconsistency may emerge from the way that recharging authorities gathered their information after the poorest of the evacuated inhabitants had fled in frenzy to different ghettos, and that authorities likewise inclined toward a fairly tolerant assessment of the migration lodging of those really examined to make a decent record for their organization (Tallon 2013). (Then again, when they were confirming ranges for freedom, these authorities frequently misrepresented the level of "scourge" with a specific end goal to de monstrate their case.) With respect to the substandard rents paid by ghetto occupants, this is valid in just a little extent of cases, and afterward generally among whites. Land financial analysts contend that families should pay no less than 20 for every penny of their salary for lodging, yet what is reasonable for center wage individuals is a weight to those with low wages who pay a higher offer of their income for sustenance and different necessities. However all things considered, Negroes for the most part need to commit around 30 for each penny of their salary to lodging, and a Chicago ponder refered to by Hartman reports that among non-white families acquiring under $3,000 a year, middle lease ascended from 35 for each penny of pay before movement to 46 for every penny a short time later. To intensify the disappointment of urban restoration to help poor people, numerous freedom zones (Boston's West End is a case) were picked, as Anderson brings up, not on the grounds that they had the most exceedingly terrible ghettos, but rather in light of the fact that they offered the best destinations for extravagance lodginglodging which would have been constructed whether the urban reestablishment program existed or not. Since open assets were utilized to clear the ghettos and to make the land accessible to private manufacturers at lessened costs, the low-salary populace was in actuality financing its own evacuation for the advantage of the rich. What was improved the situation the ghetto occupants consequently is starkly recommended by the accompanying measurement: just a single portion of one for every penny of every government use for urban reestablishment in the vicinity of 1949 and 1964 was spent on migration of families and people; and 2 for every penny if installments ar e incorporated (Sykes et al. 2013). At last, in light of the fact that the arrangement has been to clear an area of all ghettos on the double keeping in mind the end goal to amass vast destinations to pull in private engineers, whole neighborhoods have every now and again been demolished, removing individuals who had lived there for quite a long time, shutting down their foundations, destroying independent companies by the hundreds, and dissipating families and companions everywhere throughout the city. By expelling the structure of social and passionate help gave by the area, and by compelling individuals to modify their lives independently and in the midst of outsiders somewhere else, ghetto freedom has regularly come at a genuine mental and in addition monetary cost to its assumed recipients (Minton 2012). Marc Fried, a clinical analyst who contemplated the West Enders after movement, detailed that 46 for each penny of the ladies and 38 for every penny of the men "give proof of a genuinely extreme melancholy respons e or more regrettable" in light of inquiries regarding leaving their tight-weave group. A long way from "modifying" in the long run to this injury, 26 for every penny of the ladies stayed dismal or discouraged even two years after they had been pushed out of the West End. References Bridge, G, Butler, T and Lees, L (Eds). 2012. Mixed Communities: Gentrification by Stealth? Policy Press. Cochrane, A. 2007. Understanding Urban Policy?: A Critical Approach. Blackwell. Couch C, Fraser C and Percy S. (Eds). 2003. Urban Regeneration in Europe, Oxford: Blackwell Diamond J, Liddle, J, Southern, A, and Osei, P (Eds). 2010. Urban Regeneration Management: International Perspectives, London: Routledge Furbey, R. 1999. Urban regeneration: Reflections on a Metaphor. Critical Social Policy 19 (4): 41945. Goodchild, B. 2008. Homes, Cities and Neighbourhoods, Aldershot: Ashgate Hatherley, O. 2011. A Guide to the New Ruins of Great Britain. Verso Books. Leary-Owhin, M. 2016. Exploring the Production of Urban Space: Differential Space in Three Post-Industrial Cities. Policy Press. Leary-Owhin, M and McCarthy J (Eds). 2013. Routledge Companion to Urban Regeneration, London: Routledge. McBane, J. 2008. The Rebirth of Liverpool: The Eldonian Way. Liverpool University Press. Minton, A. 2012. Ground Control: Fear and Happiness in the Twenty-First-Century City. Penguin. OBrien, D and Matthews, P (Eds). 2015. After Urban Regeneration: Communities, Policy and Place. Policy Press. Porter, L and Shaw, K. 2009. Whose Urban Renaissance: An International Comparison of Urban Regeneration Strategies. Routledge. Power, A, Plo?ger, J and Winkler, A. 2010. Phoenix Cities?: The Fall and Rise of Great Industrial Cities. Policy Press and Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Raco, M, and Imrie, R. 2003. Urban Renaissance: New Labour, Community and Urban Policy. Policy Press. Sykes, O, Brown, J, Cocks, M, Shaw, D and Couch, C. 2013. A City Profile of Liverpool. Cities 35: 299318. Tallon, A. 2013. Urban Regeneration in the UK (2nd Ed), London:Routledge. Urban Task Force. 1999. Towards an Urban Renaissance, London: EFN Spon

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Red Bull Maketing Plan free essay sample

Red Bull is an energy drink found by Dietrich Mateschitz in Austria in 1984 and began to sell there in 1987 with special marketing strategy, which opened up a new product category in the world in the meantime. Red Bull now contains four types including the original Red Bull energy drink and the other one of sugar-free, the Red Bull energy shot and Red Bull Cola. With increasing demands of Red Bull, it soon expanded to more regions leading to more than 162 nowadays. In Hong Kong, Red Bull energy drink has been available since 1999. Red Bull believes its unique marketing concept can conquer the world. This marketing plan outlines the Company marketing strategies as follows. (10) 3. Strategic Focus and Plan Three aspects of corporate strategy that affect the marketing plan are: i) the mission, ii) goals, and iii) core competency of Red Bull. Mission The mission of Red Bull is to be a premier marketer that its products are distributed across the world (Europe, US and Asia). We will write a custom essay sample on Red Bull Maketing Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hong Kong is the stepping-stone to China helping achieve the mission. Goals (1) * To be the leading position in selling functional beverages in Hong Kong * To rebuild customer relationship Core Competency and Sustainable Competitive Advantage In terms of core competency, Red Bull has its well-known sports team and unique appealing wings team as promotion strategies which already gave an impressive image to the public and its slogan is also well-known. Furthermore, the scientific reports of functions about consuming Red Bull. Among unfavourable factors, the main weakness is the high price in selling the product. Threats include the great health concern by the public when they consume Red Bull energy drinks that may lead to easier shift of other brands. Industrial Analysis: Trends(9, 10) There are statistics showing the increasing consumption of functional drinks. For instance, Otsuka Pharmaceutical was the leadership of Sport and Energy Drinks with 46% off-trade volume share in 2010 which implied an increase from 2009 Competitors in the energy drink market. Competitors in functional drinks market (6) The main competitors of functional beverage sellers in Hong Kong are Pocari Sweat (38%), Lucozade (35%), Red Bull (18%) and Lipovitan D (less than 9%) Company Analysis Dietrich Mateschitz has been advised by the highly groups of a marketing firm which created the buzz marketing plan, an unique marketing strategy of driving mini-coopers to give samples to target nightclubs and students. This has been proven to success that encourage them to give out a try the awareness of many college students (4). This is not only cost effective but earns the appeal from the people around. Since 1987, the Company has been the sole supplier of the Red Bull energy drinks with which it helps maintain the consistency of high quality required. Moreover, the great volume (with 4. 2 billions consumed world-wide in 2010) has increased production efficiencies, leading to a gradual decrease in the cost of goods sold. (10) Customer Analysis Referring to customer analysis, the following part portrays (1) the characteristics of customers expected to buy Red Bull drinks and (2) health and nutrition concerns of the general public. Customer characteristics. The major target groups are mainly youngsters and re categorized into sportsman, students, workers, drivers, and people who enjoy nightlife with age from 15 -39. Health and Nutrition Concerns. Basically, Hong Kong people are very cautious about the type of food and drinks they have. From time to time, there were news about drinks of high calories reported in news TV and magazine etc. For instance, Yakult has been accused of containing too much sugar which forced the Company to offer a low-caloric Yahult. (7) Having seen this trend, Red Bull developed a sugar-free version to cater the general public in 2003 with other ingredients being constant. This especially attracts female customers to buy the drinks. 5. Market-product Focus The following describes the five-year product marketing strategies: Marketing and Product Objectives The marketing objective of Red Bull is to distribute the drinks across the world so as to be the premier marketer. * Western markets: current market will continue to be grown by maintaining brand awareness through organizing various extreme sports and fulfilling consumer need such as creating a different formula for taste like Red Bull Cola in 2008. Asian market: current Asian market will be further developed by opening up more markets in different regions and rebuilding the company image in the developed region as well. The ultimate goal is to become the premier marketer of functional beverage within 5 years. Target Market Generally, the target groups of consuming functional drinks should be youngsters aged from 15 to 35 years-old, in particular, people enjoy extreme sports, active nightlife and lifestyles. Indeed, Red Bull has differentiated the market into five groups including drivers, students, people who work in office or go out at day and night as well as playing sports (4). Points of Difference The point of difference of Red Bull to make it become the world No. 1 energy drink and differentiate with other competitors are: * The pioneer of functional drink that makes consumer feel premier and confident. * Being scientifically proved that the energy drink can really increase concentration and reaction speed, and result in increasing performance. * By owning sport teams and organizing events as part of advertising and promotion, Red Bull portrays a scene that drinking a can of Red Bull will contribute to top performance during contests. Positioning Red Bull has a very clear and unique position of Product: it appeals to different high-energy consumption groups that five groups (sports, clubbing, workers, students and drivers) as mentioned before are positioned, in particular, the youngsters aged from 15 to 39 within which 15-29 is the core target customers. Five main functions are also highlighted in consumers’ mind: increase performance, concentration and reaction speed, enhance vigilance and metabolism.